Guides for small and mid-sized businesses

One practical question per article, answered in plain words.

All guides Found: 49

Logistics & forwarding Short answer

Why is the seal number written on transport documents such as the CMR?

The seal number is written on transport documents so that everyone can later prove the load compartment was not opened between loading and unloading. If the seal arrives intact and its number matches the CMR or waybill, a shortage points back to loading. If the seal is broken or the number differs, the problem happened on the way and must be recorded before unloading.

3 min read

Finance Short answer

What does net 30 mean on an invoice?

Net 30 means the customer must pay the full invoice amount within 30 days. Unless the contract says otherwise, the 30 days are usually counted from the invoice date, so an invoice dated 3 March is due on 2 April. "Net" means the whole amount, without a discount for early payment. Net 15, net 60 and similar terms work the same way with a different number of days.

3 min read

Retail Guide

RFM analysis for a shop: find loyal customers and those drifting away

RFM analysis ranks a shop's identified customers by three measures: recency (days since the last purchase), frequency (number of purchases in a period) and monetary value (how much they spent). Each measure is scored, usually from 1 to 5, and the combinations form segments: loyal customers who buy often and recently, new ones, and valuable customers who have stopped coming. Each segment then gets its own action.

7 min read

Tire service Short answer

What is the difference between M+S and the snowflake (3PMSF) symbol?

M+S (mud and snow) is a marking the manufacturer applies on its own, without a standardised winter performance test. The three-peak mountain snowflake (3PMSF, often called the Alpine symbol) means the tire passed a standardised snow traction test against a reference tire. A tire can carry both; for real winter use and in countries that require it, the snowflake is the marking that counts.

3 min read

Tire service Guide

Seasonal tire storage: intake, labeling, storage and return without mix-ups

To run seasonal tire storage without mix-ups, give every storage place a fixed address, assign each set a unique number at intake, record its condition with photos, label every wheel with the set number and its position on the car, and record every move. At return, check the set number and condition against the intake record before fitting. The discipline matters more than the shelving.

7 min read

Marketing agencies Short answer

What is creative fatigue in ads?

Creative fatigue is the decline in an ad's results after the same people have seen it too many times. The audience stops noticing or starts ignoring it, so the click-through rate falls, frequency climbs and the cost per click and per lead rise, even though budget and targeting stayed the same. The usual fix is to refresh the creative, not to raise the budget.

3 min read

Tire service Short answer

When should you change to winter tires?

Change to winter tires when temperatures stay at around 7 °C or lower, and before the first frost or snow, not after it. In much of Central and Eastern Europe that usually means from mid-October to early November. Local law can add its own rules: Germany requires winter tires in wintry road conditions, and Austria requires them from 1 November to 15 April whenever conditions are wintry.

3 min read

Leads & CRM Guide

Duplicate contacts in a CRM: why they appear and how to merge them

Duplicates appear when the same person reaches you through several channels, is typed in with a different spelling or phone format, or arrives again in an import. Find them by matching phone numbers and emails written in one format, then similar names. Merge by choosing one main record, moving notes, tags, addresses and orders into it and removing the rest, and prevent new ones with one entry point and a search before creating a card.

7 min read

Retail Short answer

What is a planogram?

A planogram is a diagram that shows exactly where each product goes on a shelf or display: which shelf, in which position, how many facings and next to which other products. Retailers and suppliers use it so that every store in a chain presents the range the same way, the space goes to the products that earn it and staff can refill shelves without guessing.

3 min read

Tire service Guide

Preparing a tire shop for the autumn changeover rush

Start four to six weeks before the first expected frost. Estimate how many cars your bays can really handle per day, contact seasonal storage clients before walk-ins arrive, stock up on popular winter sizes and consumables, make sure every stored set can be found by its location, and collect all requests in one queue that your team schedules. The rush is predictable, so most of the work can be done before it starts.

7 min read

Leads & CRM Short answer

What is the difference between a lead, a contact and a deal?

A lead is a request or sign of interest that nobody has checked yet. A contact is a real person you know and keep a lasting record of, usually linked to a company. A deal is one specific sales opportunity with a value, a stage and an owner. A lead is either converted or closed; a contact stays; a deal is won or lost, and one contact can have many deals over time.

3 min read

Warehouses & distribution Short answer

What is a SKU and how should you name them?

A SKU, or stock keeping unit, is your own internal code for one specific variant of a product that you stock and sell, for example one colour and size of a shirt, so that stock, orders and sales can be counted per variant. Good SKUs are short, unique, built from a few fixed segments in a fixed order, and never reused.

3 min read

Warehouses & distribution Guide

ABC analysis of inventory: which items deserve the most attention

ABC analysis sorts inventory items by their share of annual consumption value, usually units used or sold times unit cost. Class A is the small group that makes up roughly 70–80% of the value, B the next 15–25%, and C the long tail of many items with the remaining few percent. Each class then gets its own rules for counting, reordering and review.

6 min read

Logistics & forwarding Short answer

What is chargeable (volumetric) weight?

Chargeable weight is the weight a carrier bills you for: the greater of the shipment's actual gross weight and its volumetric weight. Volumetric weight turns the space a shipment takes into kilograms using a conversion factor from the carrier's tariff, so light but bulky goods are charged by volume and heavy, dense goods by their real weight.

3 min read

Logistics & forwarding Guide

How to handle freight claims and deduct them from the carrier payment

Agree a loss norm, a valuation price and a right of set-off in the carrier contract; weigh the cargo at loading and unloading; calculate only the shortage above the norm; send the carrier the claim with evidence; then deduct the agreed amount as a separate minus line in the final payment and pay the rest on time instead of holding the whole invoice.

7 min read

Tire service Short answer

What is a tire hotel?

A tire hotel is a paid service in which a tire shop or service station stores a customer's off-season tires or complete wheels until the next change. The shop inspects the set at intake, records its condition, keeps it at a known storage place and returns it, usually fitted to the car, when the season changes.

3 min read

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